5.5.1.5: Conversational past of irregular verbs with sein
- Page ID
- 108125
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Verbs: Das Perfekt - Unregelmäßige Verben mit Sein
The participle forms of verbs can be used to build the conversational past, the past perfect and the subjunctive mood. They can also be used as adjectives. The conversational past is used just like the English simple past.
| Rapunzel | Wo bist du gewesen, Gerdi? | Where were you, Gerdi? |
| Gerdi | Ich bin zu Frau Holle zu Besuch gegangen. Wir sind auch mit meinem Privatflugzeug nach München geflogen. | I went to visit Frau Holle. We also went to Munich with my private airplane. |
| Rapunzel | Wieder nach München? Warum? | To Munich, again? Why? |
| Gerdi | Wir sind von da zu einem Kurort in den Voralpen gefahren und sind in dem Kurbad geschwommen. Das ist mein Weihnachtsgeschenk für Frau Holle gewesen! Ich bin sehr großzügig! | We went from there to a health spa in the Alpine foothills, and swam in the health bath there. That was my present for Frau Holle. I am very generous! |
| Rapunzel | Ja, und dazu noch ganz bescheiden! Woher hast du denn das Geld? | Yes, and very modest on top of that! And where do you have money from? |
| Gerdi | Wenn die Regierung es nur wüsste! Bevor sie mir mein Geld gesperrt haben, bin ich kurz in die Schweiz verschwunden! | If only the government knew! Before they locked away my money, I disappeared for a short time to Switzerland! |
Irregular verbs form the participle by completely remodeling the infinitive form of the verb, and sadly – unlike regular verbs – there is no rule or guide as to how to form the irregular participles (hence the name "irregular"). You simply need to memorize irregular verbs; the only similarity is the ge- prefix and the -en suffix:
| 1) take the infinitive | gehen (go) |
| 2) remove the -en suffix | geh |
| 3) change stem vowel (as necessary) | gang |
| 4) add ge- prefix | gegang |
| 5) replace -en suffix | gegangen |
Irregular verbs that indicate
a) a movement (e.g., gehen, fahren, fliegen, kommen)
b) a change in state or feeling (e.g., sterben, werden) OR
c) indicate a state of being (e.g., bleiben, sein)
use sein as the auxiliary verb to form the conversational past.
Here are the participle forms you will need to memorize:
| bleiben (stay) | => | ist geblieben |
| fahren (drive, go) | => | ist gefahren (this verb can be used with haben too) |
| fallen (fall) | => | ist gefallen |
| fliegen (fly) | => | ist geflogen (this verb can be used with haben too) |
| fliehen (flee) | => | ist geflohen |
| frieren (freeze) | => | ist gefroren (this verb can be used with haben too) |
| gehen (go) | => | ist gegangen |
| kommen (come) | => | ist gekommen |
| kriechen (crawl) | => | ist gekrochen |
| laufen (run, walk, go) | => | ist gelaufen |
| reiten (ride) | => | ist geritten (this verb can be used with haben too) |
| schwimmen (swim) | => | ist geschwommen (this verb can be used with haben too) |
| sein (be) | => | ist gewesen |
| sinken (sink) | => | ist gesunken |
| springen (jump) | => | ist gesprungen |
| steigen (climb, rise) | => | ist gestiegen |
| sterben (die) | => | ist gestorben |
| wachsen (grow up) | => | ist gewachsen |
| werden (become) | => | ist geworden |