5.5.1.3: Conversational past of regular verbs
- Page ID
- 108123
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The participle forms of verbs can be used to build the conversational past, the past perfect and the subjunctive mood. They can also be used as adjectives.
| Rapunzel | Was hast du gestern gemacht? | What did you do yesterday? |
| Dornröschen | Ich habe mit Schneewittchen Tennis gespielt, und am Abend habe ich einen neuen Computer gekauft. Mein alter Laptop ist leider kaputt. | I played tennis with Snow White and in the evening I bought a new computer. My old laptop is broken. |
| Rapunzel | Wieso hast du wieder einen neuen Computer gebraucht? Du hast vor drei Monaten einen neuen gekauft! | Why on earth did you need a new computer again? You just bought a new one three months ago! |
| Dornröschen | Naja, das Magazin hat ihn gekauft. Meine Chefin hat meinen letzten Artikel 'Wie ist ein moderner Prinz im 21. Jahrhundert?' sehr geliebt! | Well, the magazine bought it. My boss liked my last article 'What is a modern prince like in the 21st century?' very much! |
| Rapunzel | Oh wirklich? | Oh, really? |
| Dornröschen | Ja, jetzt will sie zweimal so viele Artikel von mir haben! | Yes, now she wants twice as many articles from me! |
| Rapunzel | Hmmm ... ich bin kein Genie, aber man braucht keinen zweiten Computer dazu, oder? Man muss einfach zweimal so schnell tippen, nicht wahr? | Hmmm ... I am not a genius, but you don't need a second computer for that, do you? You only need to type twice as fast, don't you? |
Regular verbs form the participle by completely remodeling the infinitive form of the verb:
| 1) take the infinitive | machen (make, do) | ||
| 2) remove the | -en | suffix | mach |
| 3) replace it with the | -t | suffix | macht |
| 4) add | ge- | prefix | gemacht |
| brauchen (need) | => | hat gebraucht |
| fragen (ask) | => | hat gefragt |
| haben (have) | => | hat gehabt |
| holen (need) | => | hat geholt |
| kaufen (buy) | => | hat gekauft |
| klopfen (knock, e.g. on a door) | => | hat geklopft |
| kochen (cook) | => | hat gekocht |
| kriegen (get, also understand) | => | hat gekriegt |
| lieben (love) | => | hat geliebt |
| löschen (put out, as in fire) | => | hat gelöscht |
| merken (notice) | => | hat gemerkt |
| reisen (travel) | => | ist gereist |
| sagen (say) | => | hat gesagt |
| schaffen (manage) | => | hat geschafft |
| setzen (set down) | => | hat gesetzt |
| sorgen (care for) | => | hat gesorgt |
| spielen (play) | => | hat gespielt |
| suchen (look for) | => | hat gesucht |
| wandern (go hiking) | => | ist gewandert |
| wohnen (live, reside) | => | hat gewohnt |
| wünschen (wish) | => | hat gewünscht |
The use of participle forms in constructing the conversational past
When forming the conversational past, the participle is used with an auxiliary verb: a conjugated form of haben or sein. Most regular verbs take haben.
exceptions:
folgen – to follow (someone)
klettern – to climb
reisen – to travel
wandern – to hike
Regular verbs with stems ending in -d, -t, [consonant] + m, [consonant] + n
Some regular verbs, whose stem ends with certain consonants (-d, -t, consonant + m, consonant + n), add an extra -E in between the stem and the -T suffix to form the participle. Just try pronouncing these participles without the -E!
| Rapunzel | Wer hat geklingelt? Ach, Schneewittchen, du bist es. Hast du geduscht? Warum bist du so nass? | Who rang the bell? Oh, Snow White, it's you. Have you showered? Why are you so wet? |
| Schneewittchen | Nein, Thilo und ich sind zum ersten Mal im Semester gewandert, und es hat am Spätnachmittag viel geregnet! | No, Thilo and I went hiking for the first time this semester, and it rained a lot in the late afternoon! |
| Rapunzel | Ihr habt wirklich Pech gehabt! | You had really crappy luck! |
| Schneewittchen | Naja, aber wenigstens habe ich nicht den ganzen Tag nur gearbeitet! Es hätte schlimmer sein können! | Well, at least I didn't just work all day. It could've been worse! |
| 1) take the infinitive | warten (wait) | ||
| 2) remove the | -(e)n) | suffix | wart |
| 3) replace with | -(e)t | suffix | wartet |
| 4) add | ge- | prefix | gewartet |
| antworten (answer) | => | hat geantwortet |
| arbeiten (work) | => | hat gearbeitet |
| flirten (flirt) | => | hat geflirtet |
| klingeln (ring; the bell) | => | hat geklingelt |
| reden (talk, speak) | => | hat geredet |
| regnen (rain) | => | hat geregnet |
| retten (rescue) | => | hat gerettet |