20.10: Structure - Discours indirect
- Page ID
- 143104
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In this section, you will learn how to use indirect discourse
On étudie !
Direct Speech (discours direct or discours rapporté) is the literal repetition of the words spoken by someone, using a quotation marks.
Indirect speech (discours indirect) reports something said or written by another person, without making the use of exact words.
Discours direct (rapporté)
The most common reporting verb is dire. Here is a list of common reporting verbs:
| Français | Anglais |
|---|---|
| dire | to say |
| affirmer | to assert |
| ajouter | to add |
| annoncer | to announce |
| conclure | to conclude |
| crier | to shout, cry out |
| déclarer | to declare |
| demander | to ask |
| se demander | to wonder |
| constater | notice, observe |
| s’écrier | to exclaim |
| écrire | to write |
| exclamer | to exclaim |
| expliquer | to explain |
| mentionner | to mention |
| prétendre | to claim |
| proclamer | to proclaim |
| remarquer | to comment |
| répliquer | to reply |
| répondre | to answer |
| rétorquer | to retort |
| souligner | to emphasize |
| soutenir | to maintain |
Discours direct vs indirect
Notice how the subject of the reported speech changes, depending on whether is it direct our indirect. Also note the differences in punctuation in English verses French:
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| Françoise dit : « J’espère étudier à Genève ». (Françoise says, "I hope to study in Geneva.") | Françoise dit qu’elle espère étudier à Genève. (Françoise says she hopes to study in Geneva.) |
| Paul remarque : « J’ai envie de danser » (Paul comments, “I feel like dancing.”) | Paul remarque qu’il a envie de danser. (Paul remarks that he feels like dancing.) |
(i) Remember to make sure possessive adjectives agree with the subject in the reported speech.
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| Madeleine déclare : « J’ai eu ma licence ! » (Madeleine declares, "I got my B.A.!") | Madeleine déclare qu’elle a eu sa licence. (Madeleine declares that she got her B.A.) |
(ii) Make sure the correct tense is reported. Notice the differences:
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| Luc a dit : « Je dois partir à midi. » (Luc said, "I have to leave at noon.") | Luc a dit qu’il devait partir à midi. (Luc said he had to leave at noon.) |
| Miguel a proclamé : « J’aurai la réponse demain. » (Miguel proclaimed, "I will have the answer tomorrow.") | Miguel a proclamé qu’il aurait la réponse demain. (Miguel proclaimed that he would have the answer tomorrow.) |
| Marie a dit : « J’avais froid. » (Marie said, "I was cold.") | Marie a dit qu’elle avait froid. (Marie said she was cold.) |
| Tye a écrit: « J’aimerais y aller. » (Tye wrote, "I would like to go.") | Tye a écrit qu’il aimerait y aller. (Tye wrote that he would like to go.) |
Learn more about le discours indirect au passé.
On pratique !
Activité
Qui a dit quoi ? Décrivez une conversation qui a eu lieu dans le passé. Suivez ces instructions :
- Utilisez le discours indirect (e.g., il a dit que..., elle a déclaré que.., etc.)
- N'utilisez pas le discours direct (e.g., il a dit: ..., elle a déclaré: ..., etc.)
- Utilisez au moins 4 expressions du tableau sur la page 162 (dure, crier, constater, remarquer, etc.)
- Écrivez au moins 8 phrases complètes.
On approfondit !
Use the following resources to type accents and/or search for words:
- Accents: ç, à, é, è, â, ê, î, ô, û, ù, ë, ï, ü
- Dictionnaire français-anglais