1.5: Vocabulary Focus (A)

Word-Building

Scan “Stephanie’s Story” and look for compound nouns. Did you find all the compound nouns? Can you figure out how to build compound nouns?

Compound Nouns

These nouns are made by combining two words. Often, they are two nouns or an adjective and a noun.

Examples:

The words, “home” and “work” together make the compound noun “homework.”

Put “rest” and “room” together to make the compound noun, “restroom.”

Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\):

Create Compounds

Choose the correct compound noun endings for each word below. Some words may have more than one possibility. Talk about the meaning of the compound nouns with your classmates.

1. air ________ a. back b. mate c. ache d. plane
2. class ______ a. room b. back c. mate d. ache
3. junk ______ a. shelf b. yard c. room d. flow
4. art _______ a. mate b. work c. shelf d. room
5. draw ______ a. plane b. yard c. mate d. back
6. office ______ a. flow b. shelf c. work d. mate
7. book ______ a. back b. shelf c. room d. ache
8. head ______ a. ache b. work c. plane d. room
9. over _______ a. room b. flow c. mate d. yard

Can you think of other compound nouns that you have heard or used frequently? Make a list with your classmates.

Prefixes

A prefix is added to the beginning of a word to add information to its definition.

re-

The prefix “re-” can mean “again” or “back.”

For example, the word “recover” means to get something “back.” Thomas recovered his lost wallet. (He got his lost wallet back.)

In another example, the word “redo” means to do something “again.” Stacy didn’t do the assignment correctly, so the teacher let her redo it. (The teacher is giving her a chance to do the assignment again.)

Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\):

Categorize

Divide the “re-” prefix words into the right category. You may have to search for the words in context or look them up in the dictionary to figure it whether the meaning is “again” or “back.”

recycle redistributed remember represented required respond results return rewarding

“re-” again	“re-” back

Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\):

Matching

Match the “re-” word with the correct definition.

1. recycle _______ a. to show again, to substitute for
2. redistribute _______ b. to follow or come back as a consequence
3. remember _______ c. to give something out again to achieve equality
4. represent _______ d. to need for a particular purpose
5. require _______ e. to give back
6. respond _______ f. to make a gift in appreciation (give something back)
7. result _______ g. to use again
8. return _______ h. to say something back, in reply
9. reward _______ i. to bring to mind again

Exercise \(\PageIndex{4}\):

Multiple Choice

Choose the “re-” word that best completes each sentence.

1. Studying vocabulary for 20 minutes every day ____ in 100% on the vocabulary exam.

   a. returned b. required c. responded d. resulted

2. The students ______ their water bottles by using them over and over.

   a. redistribute b. respond c. recycle d. reward

3. The teacher will ________ the hardworking students with no homework over the weekend.

   a. reward b. require c. respond d. return

4. Kelvin can never ________ the name of his grammar teacher.

   a. represent b. respond c. remember d. return

5. The reading teacher _______ all students to read for 20 minutes every day.

   a. requires b. remembers c. rewards d. recycles

6. The program _______ all the students in each level so that more languages were represented in each class.

   a. returned b. redistributed c. represented d. recycled

7. Stephanie ________ the assignments to the students one week after they turned them in.

   a. returned b. recycled c. remembered d. responded

8. Ameerah raised her hand and _________ to the teacher’s question.

   a. remembered b. responded c. required d. represented

9. Eight languages and twelve countries are ________ by students in the class.

   a. represented b. responded c. rewarded d. required

Exercise \(\PageIndex{5}\):

Use

Practice using words with the prefix “re-.”

1. Make a list of other words you can think of that start with the prefix “re-.”
2. Write 5 sentences about “Stephanie’s Story” using words with the prefix “re-” (your own or from the story).

Example: Stephanie wants to repaint the bookshelf in her office because it is peeling.

un-

The prefix “un-” means “not” with adjectives, adverbs or nouns. It can also mean “a reversal of action” when placed in front of a verb.

unappreciated

unclear

unfair

unfortunately

unpacking

Exercise \(\PageIndex{6}\):

Prefixes

Follow the directions below.

1. Which word above uses the meaning “a reversal of action?” ________________
2. Find the “un-” words in the story and highlight the sentences you find them in.
3. Write the “un-”word from the story next to its definition.

“un-” Word	Definition
	not valued, not understood
	emptying
	not right, not equal
	unluckily, sadly
	confusing, not understandable

Exercise \(\PageIndex{7}\):

Fill in the Blank

Use the words below. Use each word two times.

unappreciated unclear unfair unfortunately unpack

1. The instructions are __________. The students are not sure what they should do.
2. ______________, I cannot come to the party tonight. I have to do my homework.
3. It is important to say thank you to your tutor so that she doesn’t feel ___________.
4. Please _________ your suitcase as soon as you get home from your vacation.
5. The students thought it was _________ when the teacher gave a quiz without announcing it.
6. The words that he spoke were _____________. Stephanie asked him to repeat what he said twice.
7. _____________, the students forgot to study for the test.
8. Don’t ___________ your bag in the middle of the living room. Please take it to your bedroom.
9. Stephanie said, “It’s __________! I shouldn’t have to share my office with anyone.”
10. I feel so ________________ in this job! Maybe I should change careers.

Exercise \(\PageIndex{8}\):

Use

Practice using words with the prefix “un-.”

1. Make a list of other words you can think of that start with the prefix “un-.”
2. Write 5 sentences about “Stephanie’s Story” using words with the prefix “un-” (your own or from the story).

   Example: Stephanie was unhappy when she saw her office.

Suffixes

A suffix is added to the end of a word. It can change the meaning or the form of the word.

-ly

The suffix “-ly” can do three things.

1. It can form an adverb from an adjective (gentle -> gently)
2. It can add the meaning “every” to nouns related to time (hour -> hourly)
3. It can mean “-like” at the end of an adjective (friendly, cowardly)

Which of the 3 options above applies to all of the “-ly” words below?

What part of speech are all of the words below?

barely	clearly	especially
finally	genuinely	immediately
luckily	personally	practically
quickly	quietly	randomly
rapidly	slightly	slowly
softly	unfortunately

Exercise \(\PageIndex{9}\):

-ly Crossword Puzzle

Created by Puzzlemaker at DiscoveryEducation.com

Use the “-ly” words on the previous page to complete the crossword puzzle. Use the dictionary or work with a partner.

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)

Across	Down
5. without luck	1. easy to understand
6. with speed, soon	2. without making noise
9. only just, almost not	3. fortunately
12. directly	4. authentically, truly
15. mostly, mainly	7. instantly, without waiting
16. almost, nearly	8. without a pattern
17. a little bit	10. after a long time, to introduce the last point
	11. without a lot of noise or sound
	13. quickly
	14. without speed, not quickly

Exercise \(\PageIndex{10}\):

Use

Practice using words with the suffix “-ly.”

1. Make a list of other words you can think of that end with the suffix “-ly.”
2. Write 5 sentences about “Stephanie’s Story” using words with the suffix “-ly” (your own or from the story).

   Example: I finally understand! Marc didn’t turn around because he did not hear Stephanie.