2.2: The Arabic Alphabet الحروف العربية
- Page ID
- 251231
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)In this section, you will be able to:
- Explore the Arabic Alphabet, its names, and its shapes.
- Learn about the Arabic Language.
- Write your name.
Arabic Alphabet
The Arabic language system of writing is different from that of English. Arabic is written and read from right to left, unlike English, which is written and read from left to right. There are 28 letters in Arabic and 26 letters in English. The Arabic alphabet of 28 letters is created by placing various combinations of dots or symbols above or below the letters. The script in Arabic is written in cursive, and there is no differentiation between the upper and the lower case in Arabic like in English. Arabic letters have four shapes, and each shape is distinguished by its location. Locations of the letters are original, initial, medial, and ending, which determine the shape of the letter. Arabic letters are connected except for six letters, which are only joined with the preceding letter and marked with an asterisk (*) in the table below. We call these letters one-way connectors. In addition, Arabic sounds use a wider range of mouth and throat positions than English. Arabic sounds use five major articulation places: the empty space inside the mouth, the throat, the tongue, the two lips, and the nasal cavity.
Arabic Letters Shapes and Sounds in English
| Name of the letter | The Counterpart Sound in English | Original Shape | Initial Shape | Medial Shape | Final Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alif |
A |
* ا | ا | ــا/ ا | ــا/ ا |
| Baa | B | ب | بــ | ــبــ | ــب |
| Taa | T | ت | تــ | ــتــ | ــت |
| Thaa | Th (like the sound of "th" in Three) | ث | ثــ | ــثــ | ــث |
| Jeem | J | ج | جــ | ــجــ | ــج |
| H'aa | H (sound of h with friction) | ح | حــ | ــحــ | ــح |
| Khaa | Kh (This sound does not exist in English) | خ | خــ | ــخــ | ــخ |
| Daal | D | * د | د | ــد/ د | ــد/ د |
| Thaal | Th (like the sound of "th" in That) | * ذ | ذ | ــذ/ ذ | ــذ/ ذ |
| Raa | R | * ر | ر | ــر/ ر | ــر/ ر |
| Zay | Z | * ز | ز | ــز / ز | ــز / ز |
|
Seen |
S | س | ســـ | ــســ | ــس |
| Sheen | sh | ش | شـــ | ــشــ | ــش |
| Saad | S (deep s) | ص | صــ | ــصــ | ــص |
| Daad | D (deep d) | ض | ضــ | ــضــ | ــض |
| Tuaa | T (deep t) | ط | طــ | ــطــ | ــط |
| Dhaa | Dh (deep "th") | ظ | ظــ | ــظــ | ــظ |
| Aein |
a' |
ع | عــ | ــعــ | ــع |
| Ghien | Gh | غ | غــ | ــغــ | ــغ |
| Faa | F | ف | فــ | ــفــ | ــف |
| Qaaf | Q | ق | قــ | ــقــ | ــق |
| Kaaf | K | ك | كــ | ــكــ | ــك |
| Laam | L | ل | لــ | ــلــ | ــل |
| Meem | M | م | مــ | ــمــ | ــم |
| Noon | N | ن | نــ | ــنــ | ــن |
| Haa | H | هـ/ ه | هــ | ــهــ | ــه |
| Waw | Wh | * و | و | ــو / و | ــو/ و |
| Yaa | Y | ي | يــ | ــيــ | ــي |
Watch this video, listen to the names of the letters, and try to repeat after him to learn the letters.
Also, watch this video, listen to the names of the letters, and try to repeat after him to learn the letters.
Practice learning the one-way connectors letters.
Practice learning the Arabic Letters
Look at the picture and name the letters, and name the Arabic letters.
- Answer
-
The letters are Qaaf and Faa.
Write /type your name in your notebook based on the sounds of the Arabic letters and the shape table.