6.7: Sources
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1 Chen, Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages.
2 Wang Zhenping, Tang China in Multi-polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War, p. 5.
3 The warfare and maneuverings among these Three Kingdoms gave rise to a colorful novel very loosely based in historical fact, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and to a major cult in late imperial popular religion, that to Lord Guan. If you are fan of the San Guo yanyi and want to see a less fanciful treatment of the period, take a look at the Chen Shou’s San guo zhi; or in English To Establish Peace (chapters 59- 69 of the Zizhi tongjian by Sima Guang), translated by Rafe de Crespigny and The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms (chapters 69-78 of the Zizhi tongjian), translated by Achilles Fang. There is a new study of Guan Yu and his cult by Barend ter Haar, Guan Yu: The Religious Afterlife of a Failed Hero.
4 Yi Hyunhae, “The Formation and Development of the Samhan,” 51. For a revisionist view, see McBride, “Making and Remaking Silla Origins,” 536, 540: the first extant reference to Naemul “as a significant Silla ancestor” is in a stone inscription carved in 939. McBride acknowledges the influence of Mun Kyŏnghyŏn 文暻鉉, Sillasa yŏn’gu 新羅史硏究 (Taegu: Kyŏngbuk Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 1983).
5 http://kaogu.cssn.cn/zwb/xccz/202001/t20200120_5081618.shtml, accessed January 30, 2020.
6 McBride, “Making and Remaking Silla Origins,” 533-34.
7 Park, “Kaya, Silla, and Wa,” 134.
8 Wilkinson, Chinese History: A New Manual, 728-29.
9 Kleeman, Great Perfection, 4, 38. Kleeman, personal communication, July 2020.
10 Anderson, The East Asian World System, 111.
11 Von Glahn, The Economic History of China, 170-179.
12 Joseph Uphoff, “Khazari Excursions: Being a Brief Exploration into the History, Numismatics, and Religion of an Early Mediæval Central Asian Kingdom,” WBAOSociety conference, Tempe, 2017.
13 For more on the middle Yangzi region see work by Brian Landor.
14 Clark, “What’s the Matter with ‘China’? A Critique of Teleological History,” 307. Chittick cited here.
15 Knapp, “The Meaning of Birds on Hunping (Spirit Jars). Photos by author, used here by permission.
16 Good discussion in Habuta, “Japan-Korea Interaction Viewed from Eastern Japan,” 381-82.
17 Lurie, Realms of Literacy, is the source of these two paragraphs.
18 Youn-mi Kim, New Perspectives on Early Korean Art, chapter 5.
19 Park, “Kaya, Silla, and Wa,” 142-151.
20 Lurie, Realms of Literacy, 85-7.
21 Kameda, “Ancient Kibi,” 233.
22 http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ202001190001.html
23 Sasaki, “Archaeological Investigations at the Ōmuro Cairn Cluster.”
24 Kameda, “Ancient Kibi.”
25 Habuta, “Japan-Korea Interaction Viewed from Eastern Japan,” 389.
26 Lurie, Realms of Literacy, 99.
27 Lurie, Realms of Literacy, 103-05. Lurie is the source for this whole section, including the images.
28 Woo, “Interactions between Paekche and Wa,” 197-205, and Park, “Kaya, Silla, and Wa,” 159, 172.
29 “Glassware found on Okinoshima island came from ancient Persia” asahi.com/ajw/articles/13179997. “Imported Glass in Japanese Tomb identified” archaeology.org/news/2705-141113-japan-nara-tomb
30 Translated in Tsunoda & de Bary, eds., Sources of Japanese Tradition, vol. 1, p. 21.
31 Zürcher, The Buddhist Conquest of China, 27, 31.
32 Kim, “Buddhism and the State in Middle and Late Silla,” 97-107.
33 Wills, “Hui Neng, the Sixth Patriarch,” in Mountain of Fame.
34 Best, “Diplomatic and Cultural Contacts Between Paekche and China.”
35 For more, see Kieschnick, The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture.
36 Micah Muscolino on Johan Elverskog, The Buddha’s Footprint, atchinadialogue.net/en/nature/reviewthe-buddhas-footprint-an-environmental-history-of-asia/