1.11: Sources

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This chapter relies on The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC, edited by Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy, and on work by David Keightley, including The Ancestral Landscape: Time, Space and Community in Late Shang China, ca. 1200-1045 BC; Sources of Shang History; and Working for His Majesty.

¹ Kim Byung-Joon, “Lelang Commandery and Han China’s Commandery-Based Rule,” in The Han Commanderies in Early Korean History, edited by Mark Byington, p. 250

² Alvin P. Cohen, “The Origin of the Yellow Emperor Era Chronology,” Asia Major III 25.2 (2012): 1-13, p. 1. Jui-sung Yang, “To Nationalize the Past: The Discourse of ‘5,000-Year-Long” National History in Modern China,” in L’histoire de Chine : usages, interpretations et réinterprétations, edited by Paul Servais (Louvain-la-Neuve, 2020): 149-66, p. 157-58.

³ Wang Hui, China from Empire to Nation-State, translated by Michael Gibbs Hill (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), 101, 115.

⁴ Hyung Il Pai, Constructing “Korean” Origins: a critical review of archaeology, historiography, and racial myth in Korean state-formation theories (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2000), p. 122.

⁵ Joseph M. Kitagawa, “The Japanese ‘Kokutai’ (National Community) History and Myth,” History of Religions 13.3(1974): 209-226, p. 214

⁶ https://www.science.org/content/article/modern-humans-were-southeast-asia-20000-years-earlier-thought-ancient-teeth-reveal

⁷ Kwang-Chih Chang, “China on the Eve of the Historical Period,” 59.

⁸ Matthias Mertens, “Did Richthofen Really Coin ‘the Silk Road’?

⁹ Robert N. Spengler III, Fruit from the Sands: The Silk Road Origins of the Foods We Eat. 10 Lander and Brunson, “Wild Mammals of Ancient North China,” 299.

¹⁰ Lander and Brunson, “Wild Mammals of Ancient North China,” 299.

¹¹ Nicola di Cosmo, Ancient China and Its Enemies, chapter 1.

¹² Barnes, The Rise of Civilization in East Asia, 20. Li Feng, Early China, 90.

¹³ Li Feng, Early China, 49 and 50 box. This is the Bin Gong Xu 豳公盨. In 2018-19, the Zeng royal cemetery in Hubei, with several tens of tombs, 3 horse pits and 4 chariot pits, yielded over 1,000 bronze vessels with six thousand characters of inscriptions, including references to Yu and the Xia dynasty as well as many Zhou period events. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/H6Apg-HzTawPHBwNVRhu5Q.

¹⁴ Brown, Pastimes, chapter 5.

¹⁵ Von Glahn, The Economic History of China, 47, citing Li Feng.

¹⁶ Li Feng, Early China, 83.

¹⁷ Flad, “Divination and Power.”

¹⁸ Li Feng, Early China, 109.

¹⁹ Li Feng, Early China, 96-98. For a complete collection and translation of the prince’s bones, see Adam C. Schwartz, The Huayuanzhuang East Oracle Bone Inscriptions: A Study and Complete Translation (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2019).

²⁰ Hsu Ya-hwei, Ancient Chinese Writing: Oracle Bone Inscriptions from the Ruins of Yin, 45.

²¹ Eno, “Was There a High God ti in Shang Religion?”