16.8: Chronology
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The following chronology is a list of important dates and events associated with this chapter.
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| December 1860 | South Carolina seceded from the Union; Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed suit. |
| February 1861 | Confederate States of America created at the Montgomery, Alabama Conference; Confederate States of America adopted a provisional Constitution; Jefferson Davis chosen as provisional President and Alexander Stephens for Vice President of the Confederacy |
| March 1861 | Abraham Lincoln inaugurated for his first term as President of the United States of America Lincoln used emergency powers to a degree not yet seen in the U.S. Presidency; Confederate States of America adopted a permanent Constitution; Davis called for 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Confederate Army |
| April 1861 | Confederate forces fired on Union forces at Charleston (Fort Sumter); Lincoln issued a Proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen and summoned a special session of Congress for July 4; Baltimore Riot occurred on April 19 Virginia seceded from the Union |
| May 1861 | Arkansas and North Carolina seceded from the Union; Confederate Congress recognized that a state of war existed between the Confederate States of America and the United States of America; Confederate government began to issue treasury notes (cheap currency) to pay for the war; Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Blockade against Southern ports |
| July 1861 | U.S. Congress assembled in a special session First Manassas or First Battle of Bull Run fought |
| August 1861 | Confederate Congress enacted a direct tax on personal property; Union Congress enacted the nation’s first income tax and raised the nation’s tariff rates |
| February 1862 | Union Congress approved the Legal Tender Act; Salmon P. Chase appointed Jay Cooke as the official marketer of U.S. war bonds |
| April 1862 | First Confederate Conscription Act passed through Congress; Habeas Corpus suspended in the Union and the Confederate States; Shiloh fought |
| July 1862 | Union Congress enacted the Internal Revenue Act Preliminary Emancipation Act presented to Lincoln’s Cabinet; Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862: the first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service; Seven Days fought |
| September 1862 | Antietam fought |
| January 1863 | Final Emancipation Proclamation introduced into Congress; First black regiment in the North raised by Governor John Andres of Massachusetts |
| February 1863 | Union Congress approved the National Banking Act, sometimes referred to as the National Currency Act |
| March 1863 | John Slidell negotiated a loan for the Confederacy secured by future cotton sales; Confederate Congress passed the Impressment Act; Bread riots began the South including in Atlanta, Mobile, and Salisbury; First Union Conscription Act adopted |
| April 1863 | Richmond Bread Riot occurred on April 2; Confederate Congress enacted a comprehensive tax policy including an income tax and a tax-in-kind on agricultural products |
| May 1863 | Bureau of Colored Troops, under the War Department, established to coordinate and organize regiments; Black troops performed admirably at the assault on Fort Hudson; Vicksburg began |
| June 1863 | West Virginia, composed of the western counties of Virginia, admitted to the Union |
| July 1863 | 54th Massachusetts Colored Regiment showed its bravery in the assault on Fort Wagner; Draft Riots occurred in New York City; Gettysburg fought |
| November 1863 | Chattanooga fought |
| Spring 1864 | Peace movements gained momentum in the Union and the Confederate States |
| April 1864 | Massacre at Fort Pillow, Tennessee; Battle at Poison Spring where many men of the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry massacred by Confederate troops |
| May 1864 | Atlanta Campaign began |
| June 1864 | Union Congress passed the National Banking Act of 1864 |
| August 1864 | Democrats nominated George B. McClellan for president to run against Republican incumbent Abraham Lincoln |
| November 1864 | Abraham Lincoln was re-elected president, defeating Democrat George B. McClellan. Lincoln carried all but three states with 55 percent of the popular vote and 212 of 233 electoral votes. |
| December 1864 | March to the Sea began |
| March 1865 | Abraham Lincoln inaugurated for his second term as President of the United States of America |
| April 1865 | Confederate government, including Jefferson Davis, fled Richmond; Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House; John Wilkes Booth assassinated Abraham Lincoln; Andrew Johnson became president |